YEAR | KEYWORD | EVENT |
---|---|---|
-3500 | SUMERIAN CLAY TABLETS | Sumerians use cuneiform alphabet, pressed in clay with a triangular stylus. Clay tablets were dried and/or fired for longevity. Some even had clay envelopes,' which were also inscribed. Some people consider them to be the earliest form of the book. |
-2500 | WESTERN ASIAN SCROLLS | Animal skins are used for scrolls in Western Asia. |
-2400 | PAPYRUS | Date of the earliest surviving papyrus scroll with writing. |
-1900 | HITTITES | Hittites, from between 1900 and 1200 BC, left appr. 15,000 clay tablets |
-1800 | BOOK OF DEAD | Book of the Dead, Egypt |
-1500 | PHAISTOS DISC | The 'Phaistos disc', found on the island of Crete in 1908, was produced by pressing relief-carved symbols into the soft clay, then baking it. Although it contains the germ of the idea of printing, it appears to be unique. |
-950 | LEATHER USED FOR SCROLLS | Leather is made and used for scrolls and writing. |
-800 | PHOENECIAN WRITING | Moabite stone is created with one of the finest specimens of Phoenician writing. The letters resemble Greek. |
-650 | PAPER | Papyrus. First rolls arrive in Greece from Egypt |
-650 | PAPYRUS | Papyrus. First rolls arrive in Greece from Egypt |
-600 | WRITING SYSTEM DEVELOPED | 6th C. BC General agreement among Mediterranean cultures on left-to-right writing and reading. Before that, there was L-R, R-L, top-to-bottom, and boustroph edonic (back-and-forth). The Hebres kept R-L. |
-500 | LAO TZE | Lao-Tze's lifetime, was said to have been archivist of the imperial archives |
-431 | XENOPHON | (431-352 BC) author of Anabasis and Memorabilia. |
-295 | ALEXANDRIA LIBARY | King Ptolemy I Soter enlisted the services of the orator Demetrios Phalereus, a former governor of Athens, and empowered him to collect, if he could, all the books in the inhabited world. To support his efforts, the king sent letters to all sovereigns and governors on earth requesting that the furnish workd by poets and prose-writers, rhetoricians and sophists, doctors and soothsayers, historians, and all others too (Flavius Josephus). Agents were sent out to scout the cities of Asia, North Africa, and Europe. Foreign vessels calling in at Alexandria were searched routinely for scrolls and manuscripts. Transcripts were returned in due course, but the originals remained confiscated in the library. The story of the 47 AD destruction of the library is only partly true. Some 40,000 of the 700,000 volumes did go up in flames. |
-213 | CHIN TAIN SHIHUANGTI | Chin Tain Shihuangti, emporer of China, issued an edict that all books should be destroyed (manuscripts on bamboo) |
-200 | WAX TABLETS CODEX | before 1st C. BC Both Greeks and Romans used wax tablets, framed and backed with wood, for note taking, orders, correspondence, and other temporary informat ion. At times, two or more tablets were joined with thongs or cords, similar to a 3-ringed binder. The Latin name for this was _codex_, from the word for wood. Single wax tablets had been used earlier than this in Mesopotamia, Greece, and Etruria. |
-197 | PERGAMUM | 197-159 BC In the Middle East, near Pergamum, large herds of cattle are raised for skins to be made into what we now call 'parchment.' |
-196 | ROSETTA STONE | The'Rosetta' stone is cut. It contains the same text in Egyptian hieroglyphic, Egyptian demotic, and Greek writing. It was discovered in 1799 near the mouth of the Nile and served to break the code for deciphering ancient Egyptian works. |
-150 | PAPER | The first paper is made in CHina from macerated hemp fibers in water suspension. |
-150 | DEAD SEA SCROLLS | 150 BC - 40 AD Approximate dates of the Hebrew and Aramaic documents, Biblical and nonbiblical, found as scrolls sealed in ceramic pots in caves near the Dead Sea in 1957. Some are written on thin, whitish leather similar but not identical to parchment |
-100 | PAPER | Nash Papyrus, oldest known biblical fragment, containing the Hebrew text of the ten commandments. Acquired in Egypt 1902 by W.L.Nash and now in Cambridge University Library. |
-100 | BIBLE | Nash Papyrus, oldest known biblical fragment, containing the Hebrew text of the ten commandments. Acquired in Egypt 1902 by W.L.Nash and now in Cambridge University Library. |
-100 | CODICES | 1st C. BC - 1st C. AD The Romans substituted skin, or membranae, for the wood panels in codices. It is unclear just when this was done and whether membranae was similar to Medieval parchment or to the thin leather of the Dead Sea Scrolls, but it is known that there are no examples or records of this substitution prior to the Romans. Later, Romans used codices to record laws and rules of order, lending the name codes or codicils to such documents. |
-100 | CODEX | 1st C. AD By the end of this century, the form of the book had largely changed from the scroll to the codex. |
-100 | NASH PAPYRUS | Nash Papyrus, oldest known biblical fragment, containing the Hebrew text of the ten commandments. Acquired in Egypt 1902 by W.L.Nash and now in Cambridge University Library. |
-100 | PAPYRUS | Nash Papyrus, oldest known biblical fragment, containing the Hebrew text of the ten commandments. Acquired in Egypt 1902 by W.L.Nash and now in Cambridge University Library. |
-39 | LIBERTAS TEMPLE | Libertas. Asinius Pollio establishes first public library in Rome at the Libertas Temple |
-28 | AUGUSTUS | Augustus. Under the reign of emporer Augustus two large libraries were founded, the Palatine and the Octavian library |
47 | ALEXANDRIA LIBRARY DAMAGED | The great Library of Alexandria was damaged by fire when Julius Caeser besieged the city. It was said at one time to contain copies and translations of all known books (scrolls), between 400,000 and 500,000. It was later ravaged by civil war in the late 200s AD and by 400, nothing was left. |
100 | ULPIA | Ulpia. Bibliotheca Ulpia founded by Trajan, also serving as emperial archive |
104 | TS'AI LOUEN | Papermaking discovered in China by Ts'ai Louen (date is not very specific: it may have been 105. Name also written as: Ts'ai Lun) Material used: plant bark, discarded cotton and old fishnets. |
104 | PAPER | Papermaking discovered in China by Ts'ai Louen (date is not very specific: it may have been 105. Name also written as: Ts'ai Lun) Material used: plant bark, discarded cotton and old fishnets. |
105 | PAPER | Chinese history records that papermaking was invented by Ts'ai Lun in the court of Ho'ti in Lei-yang, China. Paper had, in fact, been made in China for at least two hundred years before this date. The first papers were made from hemp, bark, and used fish nets. |
191 | PALATINE | Palatine library destoyed by fire |
370 | PUBLIC LIBRARY ROME | Public libraries, in these days there were said to be 28 public libaries in Rome |
391 | ALEXANDRIAN LIBRARY | Alexandrian Library destroyed under the direction of Archbishop Theophilus of Antioch (destruction of temple of Serapis) |
480 | BOETHIUS | (480-524), the last learned Roman to study the language and literature of Greece. He wrote his DE CONSOLATIONE PHILOSOPHIAE while awaiting his execution. The Consolation of Philosophy is a dialogue of 39 short poems in 13 different meters that paid tribute to the ancient authors and philosophers. |
590 | LUXEUIL | Luxeuil. Monastery founded by Columban, first monastery in Gaul. Irish Monks brought along numerous manuscripts |
637 | CAESAREA | Caesarea Library destroyed by Arabs conquering Palestine (library was orignally founded by church father Origen who died 309 AD) |
687 | CUTHBERT, GOSPEL OF St. JOHN | Undoubtedly one of history's most dramatic book exhumations involves a manuscript copy of the Gospel of St.John that was buried in the year 687 with the body of St. Cuthbert, bishop near Lindesfarne. Two hundred years later Danish invaders sacked the holy compund, carrying with them the remains of Cuthbert. In 1104 the carved wooden casket was opened and the Gospel, a manuscript written in uncial, was found perfectly preserved. |
700 | LINDISFARNE | Lindisfarne Gospels written on 258 leaves (link to on-line reproductions: http://www.xs4all.nl/~knops/manuscri.html ) |
715 | CODEX AMITINUS | Codex Amitinus, manuscript of the Vulgate written in Northumbrian uncial. |
716 | AMITIANUS | Amiatinus. Codex Amiatinus, made at the scriptorium of the twin monasteries Wearmouth and Jarrow near Newcastle, Northumbria. This codex brings together the entire old and new testament in 1,030 folios in a single binding.. |
750 | AUREUS | Aureus. Codex Aureaus written, probably at Canterbury |
750 | CANTERBURY | Canterbury School of manuscript illumination, active until 13th century. |
750 | PAPER | Paper making reached Samarkand before 750, Baghdad in 793, Damascus and Cairo in approximately 950. Through the Arab conquest of North Africa and Southern Spain, the invention first reached the Moorish parts of Spain in the 11th century. A mill was recorded at Fez in Morocco in 1100, and the first on the Spanish mainland at Xativa in 1151. It reached Southern Italy in the 13th century, where, untill quite recently, some of the oldest handmade paper mills in Italy were operating near Amalfi, in the Naples area. |
750 | WILLIBRORD | Willibrord Gospels made appr. 750, probably made by the artists of the Book of Durrow |
751 | PAPER | Papermaking introduced in the Islamic world |
800 | PAPER | Marbling in Japan, first Turkish marbled paper 1586, first Dutch 1598 |
800 | KELLS | Kells, Book of. written and painted at the Columbian monastery of Iona or at the Abbey of Kells in Ireland. 340 folia survived. Since 1661 in Trinity College, Dublin |
800 | MARBLING | Marbling in Japan, first Turkish marbled paper 1586, first Dutch 1598 |
868 | WOODBLOCK | China, oldest known woodblock printing (method was in use much earlier) |
868 | PAPER | The first book printed on paper in China, in block printed Buddhist scripts. |
896 | COLOPHON | Colophon, oldest known manuscript colophon, in Books of the Prophets written by Moses ben Asher in Tiberias. |
896 | MOSES BEN ASHER | Colophon, oldest known manuscript colophon, in Books of the Prophets written by Moses ben Asher in Tiberias. |
950 | WINCHESTER | Winchester School, 950-1100, characteristic style of manuscript illumination |
954 | ABINGDON | Abingdon Monastery founded by Aethelwold, monks famous for manuscript illumination, Winchester School |
1041 | MOVABLE TYPE | In 1403 the earliest known book was printed from movable type in Korea, a process which had been used by the Chinese as early as 1041. In 1450 Gutenberg printed his 42-line Bible in Mainz on a quality of handmade paper which remains unsurpassed to this day. 26 Years later William Caxton brought the art of printing to England, and in 1486 the first English coloured illustrated book was printed in St. Albans. |
1068 | FATIMITE | Fatimite. Library of the Fatimite family (Cairo) destoyed by the Turks |
1085 | PAPER | Papermaking in Jativa Spain |
1140 | WINCHESTER | Winchester Bible, 1140-1190, English late Romanesque illumination |
1140 | BIBLE | Winchester Bible, 1140-1190, English late Romanesque illumination |
1147 | UTRECHT PSALTER | Utrecht Psalter, Eadwine Psalter, copy of the Utrecht Psalter, example of Canterbury Romanesque written at Christchurch by Eadwine |
1238 | PAPER | Papermaking mill established in Capellades, Catalonia |
1250 | FORE EDGE | Fore Edge Painting, first on French psalter manuscript |
1250 | BLOCK PRINTING | the first record of block printing (on paper?) in Egypt. |
1276 | WATERMARK | The important invention of watermarking was made at one of the Fabriano Mills in Tuscany during the second half of the 13th century. One can assume that the reason for the watermark was to give the product a branded trade mark of superior quality. There exists a remarkable archive of Fabriano watermarks going back to the first one in 1276, showing a mark for each year until modern times. |
1276 | PAPER | Paper. First papermill established in Italy |
1282 | PAPER | Watermark, Oldes know watermark (Italy) |
1282 | WATERMARK | Watermark, Oldes know watermark (Italy) |
1283 | PAPER | Fabriano, town inwhich first Italian papermill was established. Still name of an Italian handmade paper |
1283 | FABRIANO | Fabriano, town inwhich first Italian papermill was established. Still name of an Italian handmade paper |
1290 | EDDA | Edda, Elder Edda (Saemundar Edda) written, presented to King Frederik III by the Icelandic bishop Brynjolfur Sveinsson, now in the Copenhagen Royal Library) |
1313 | BOCCACIO | Giovanni Boccacio (1313-1375), author of the DECAMERON. |
1325 | PAUPERUM | Biblia Pauperum made in Klosterneuburg near Vienna |
1325 | BIBLE | Biblia Pauperum made in Klosterneuburg near Vienna |
1325 | BELLEVILLE | Belleville Breviary by Jean Pucelle (Parisian manuscript painter) |
1338 | PAPER | Paper, oldest known papermill in France |
1340 | BERRY | Berry, Jean duc de (d.1416). Les Tres Riches Heures. |
1340 | RICHES HEURES | Berry, Jean duc de (d.1416). Les Tres Riches Heures. |
1373 | BIBLIOTHEQUE NATIONALE | Bibliotheque Nationale. Charles V is said to be the founder of this library. The 1373 catalogue of his library lists about 1000 volumes, housed in the Louvre |
1389 | BEDFORD | Bedford, John of Lancaster, Duke. The Bedford Missal, 1423 |
1396 | BURGUNDY | Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy. |
1399 | GENSFLEISCH, GUTENBERG | Gutenberg, Johann, d.1468, born in Mainz as Johann Gensfleisch zum Gutenberg |
1399 | GUTENBERG | Gutenberg.Year of birth Gutenberg |
1400 | CHAUCER | Chaucer died |
1410 | ELLESMERE | Ellesmere Chaucer, illustrated manuscript of the Canterbury Tales |
1418 | WOODCUT | Woodcut, oldest known specimen |
1418 | ROHAN | Rohan Book of Hours, made for Yolande of Aragon. |
1420 | FOUQUET | Fouquet, Jean, d.1480, leading 15th century manuscript painter (Hours of Etienne de Chavalier) |
1420 | JENSON | Jenson, Nocolaus, d. 1480, punchcutter and printer of Venice |
1420 | CAXTON | Caxton, William, born. |
1421 | BISTICCI | Bisticci, Vespasiano da, d.1498, Florentine bookseller, had people like Cosimo de Medici as customer. |
1423 | BUXHEIM | Buxheim Saint Christopher, early dated European woodcut illustrations |
1425 | MANSION | Mansion, Colard, d.1484, one of the leading calligraphers in Bruges, Belgium |
1425 | CALLIGRAPHY | Mansion, Colard, d.1484, one of the leading calligraphers in Bruges, Belgium |
1425 | MARMION | Marmion, Simon, d.1489. Flemish miniature painter, amongst others Grandes Chroniques de France for Philip the Good |
1430 | WEYDEN | Weyden, Rogier van der, d.1464, illustration in Chronique du Haunaut. |
1430 | XYLOGRAPHIC BOOKS | Xylographic. First xylographic books, or block books produced in Germany and Holland |
1430 | HAINAUT, CHRONIQUE | Weyden, Rogier van der, d.1464, illustration in Chronique du Haunaut. |
1434 | WOHLGEMUT | Wolgemut, Michael, d.1519, Nuremberg painter famous for his designs for woodcuts. |
1435 | CLEVES | Hours of Catherine of Cleves made in Utrecht, Holland |
1436 | REGIOMONTANUS | Regiomontanus, Johanes, d. 1476, printer at Königsberg, Germany, publisher of astronomical works |
1440 | KOBERGER | Koberger, Anton, d.1513. Printer in Neuremberg since 1470. First dated book Disciplinarum Platonis Epitome, 1472 |
1440 | DISCIPLINARIUM PLATONIS EPITOME | Koberger, Anton, d.1513. Printer in Neuremberg since 1470. First dated book Disciplinarum Platonis Epitome, 1472 |
1441 | MARCIANA | Marciana. Bibliotheca Marciana founded by Cosimo de Medici |
1448 | BRUSSELS LIBRARY | Chronique du Hainaut, illustration by Rogier van der Weyden (manuscript is in Royal Library of Brussels) |
1450 | MANUTIUS | Manutius. year of birth Aldus Manutius (Teobaldo Manucci), d.1515 |
1453 | CONSTANTINE | Constantine library. Many books were burnt in this year (Constantinople captured by the Turks) or carried away and sold |
1454 | GUTENBERG | Gutenberg. publication of Turkenkalender (Fust, Schöffer, Gutenberg (??) |
1455 | BLOCK BOOK | Block Books in Europe, between 1455 and 1510. |
1455 | XOLOGRAPHY | Biblia Pauperum, first xylographic version made in Germany |
1456 | BIBLE, GUTENBERG | Gutenberg. 42-line bible by Gutenberg |
1457 | COLOR PRINTING | Colour printing, earliest example in Mainz Psalter |
1457 | MAINZ PSALTER | Mainz Psalter by Fust and Schoffer |
1458 | CORVINUS | Corvinus, Matthias, d.1490, King of Hungary, famous bookcollector |
1460 | FROBEN | Froben, Johann, d.1527, started printing in Basle 1491. Printer of Erasmus publications |
1460 | CATHOLICON | Catholicon of Johannes Baldus printed by Schöffer |
1461 | EDELSTEIN | Edelstein, der, by Ulrich Boner, printed by Albrecht Pfister of Bamberg, first printed book with woodcut illustrations |
1461 | BIBLE, BIBLIA PAUPERUM | Biblia Pauperum issued in Bamberg with handcolored illustrations |
1462 | BADIUS | Badius Ascensius, Jodocus (1535). Parisian printer |
1464 | WEYDEN | Weijden, Rogier van der, death of. |
1465 | BIBLE, BIBLIA PAPUPERUM | Biblia Pauperum, first typeset edition made near Brussels, illustrations based on drawings by Rogier van der Weijden. |
1465 | DRYPOINT ENGRAVING | The first drypoint engravings known in the history of prints are those of the MASTER OF THE HOUSEBOOK, active in Germany between 1465 and 1500. The technique was also used, though rarely, by Dürer, for example in his St. Jerome by a Pollard Willow (1512). The unsurpassed master was to be Rembrandt, who used drypoint on its own, or with etching. |
1465 | CANTICUM CANTICORUM | Canticum Canticorum, illustrated by Memling(?) or Van der Weijden(?) |
1465 | BIBLIA, PAUPERUM | Biblia Pauperum, first typeset edition made near Brussels, illustrations based on drawings by Rogier van der Weijden. |
1465 | WEYDEN | Biblia Pauperum, first typeset edition made near Brussels, illustrations based on drawings by Rogier van der Weijden. |
1465 | HOUSEBOOK, MASTER OF THE | The first drypoint engravings known in the history of prints are those of the MASTER OF THE HOUSEBOOK, active in Germany between 1465 and 1500. The technique was also used, though rarely, by Dürer, for example in his St. Jerome by a Pollard Willow (1512). |
1466 | PETRUCCI | Petrucci, Ottaviano, d.1539. Printer in Venice who established a papermill that remained active until the 19th century |
1466 | ARS MORIENDI | Ars Moriendi published first time |
1466 | PAPER | Petrucci, Ottaviano, d.1539. Printer in Venice who established a papermill that remained active until the 19th century |
1466 | ERASMUS | Erasmus, Desiderius, d.1536 |
1467 | HAN | Italy. First book printed in Rome by Ulrich Han |
1467 | COLONNA | Hypnerotomachia Poliphili written by Francesco Colonna |
1468 | GUTENBERG | Gutenberg dies February 3rd |
1469 | ARCHES | Arches Papermill in Vosges, France |
1469 | PAPER | Arches Papermill in Vosges, France |
1469 | BINDING | Bookbinding, the first time the roller or roulette appeared in German binderies |
1471 | VULGATE BIBLE | Malermi Bible (Italian translation of the Vulgate) first printed in Venice by Wendelin da Spira |
1471 | WENDELIN DA SPIRA | Malermi Bible (Italian translation of the Vulgate) first printed in Venice by Wendelin da Spira |
1471 | BIBLE | Malermi Bible (Italian translation of the Vulgate) first printed in Venice by Wendelin da Spira |
1471 | MALERMI | Malermi Bible (Italian translation of the Vulgate) first printed in Venice by Wendelin da Spira |
1471 | DÜRER | Durer, Albrecht, d.1528 |
1472 | CRANACH | Cranach, Lucas, d.1553. German painter and woodcutter. |
1472 | DANTE | DIVINE COMEDY, first printed edition of Dante's epic poem |
1472 | SPECULUM HUMANAE.. | Speculum Humanae Salvationes printed by Gunther Zainer |
1473 | BURCKMAIER | Burckmaier, Hans, d.1531. After Durer leading (book)illustrator. |
1473 | DUCALI | Ducali bindings, from 1473-1600, bindings made for the edicts, decrees and governor's commisions issued by the Doges of Venice |
1473 | PHILOBIBLON | Philobiblon. Richard de Bury's treatise written in praise of books |
1475 | MANSION, COLARD | Belgium, First books printed by Colard Mansion of Bruges |
1477 | INTAGLIO | Intaglio. First book with intaglio illustrations 'Il Monte Sancto di Dio' published in Florence |
1479 | GROLIER | Grolier, Jean, d.1565. Famous French bibliphile, famous for the bindings of his books |
1479 | CARPI | Carpi, Ugo da, d.1533, leading engraver of Venice and Rome, likely one of the developers, inventors of chiarusco printing |
1482 | POETICON ASTRONOMICON | Poeticon Astronomicon by Erhard Ratdolt, illustrated with allegorical woodcuts |
1483 | KOBERGER | Cologne Bible by Anton Koberger of Nuremberg |
1486 | CHEVALIER LIBERÉ | Chevalier Libere, printed 1486 by Gotfred van Os at Gouda (book deals with Charles the Bold) |
1486 | CAXTON | Caxton, William prints his first books in England, in Westminster |
1489 | OS, GOTFRIED VAN | Denmark. Bookprinting came to Copenhagen with the arrival of the Dutch printer Gotfried van Os, who called himself Gotfred of Ghemen |
1490 | BLADO | Blado, Antonio, d.1567. Printer in Rome, had cursive type face designed by Arrighi. |
1490 | ARRIGHI | Blado, Antonio, d.1567. Printer in Rome, had cursive type face designed by Arrighi. |
1493 | ETCHING | The earliest known etchings are by Daniel Hopfer, active at Augsburg between 1493 and 1536, the Swiss Urs Graf, and Dürer, who did five etchings on iron, among them The Agony in the Garden, and The Cannon. Lucas van Leyden (1489-1533) also used this technique on a few rare occasions. The earliest Italian etching is by Parmigianino (1503-1540), whose prints are more sketchy and spontaneous than those of the Northern artists. Etching is above all the medium of Rembrandt: with it he reached a depth and universality of expression never equalled in the history of prints. |
1493 | SCHEDEL | Hartmann Schedel's Weltchronik published with illustrations by Wolgemut |
1493 | LEEU | Leeu, Gerard, d.1493, printer at Gouda, Holland |
1494 | NARRENSCHIFF | Brant. Sebastian Brant's Narrenschiff published, illustrated with woodcuts, among them the famous Bookfool woodcut by Durer (?) |
1494 | SHIP OF FOOLS | DAS NARRENSCHIFF by Sebastian Brant, first publication. Within fifteen years the work appeared in one Latin, three French, one Dutch, one Low German and an English version. One reason often cited to explain Brant's far-reaching appeal was that he wrote in short chapters, mixed his *fools* skillfully, and maintained a fluid style that engaged his readers. |
1494 | SHIP OF FOOLS | Brant. Sebastian Brant's Narrenschiff published, illustrated with woodcuts, among them the famous Bookfool woodcut by Durer (?) |
1494 | NARRENSCHIFF | Narrenschiff, Ship of Fools, by Sebastian Brant, published by Bergmann von Olpe, Basle, illustrated with 114 woodcuts. |
1494 | BRANT | Brant. Sebastian Brant's Narrenschiff published, illustrated with woodcuts, among them the famous Bookfool woodcut by Durer (?) |
1494 | BRANT, SEBASTIAN | Narrenschiff, Ship of Fools, by Sebastian Brant, published by Bergmann von Olpe, Basle, illustrated with 114 woodcuts. |
1495 | BEMBO | Bembo. First Latin book from the Aldus' press was Pietro Bembo's dialog about Aetna (printed in a roman type that became the model for later French types, including Garamond's |
1495 | MANUTIUS | Griffo, Francesco, cut 'old face' roman type for Aldus Manutius |
1495 | BALE | Bale, John (1563). Compiler of first bibliography in England |
1495 | MANUTIUS | Manutius, Greek Grammar, first book published by Manutius |
1495 | LUFFT | Lufft, Hans, d.1584, printer-publisher of Wittenberg |
1495 | MANUTIUS | Manutius, Edition of Aristotle in five volumes, first complete edition in Greek, printed/published between 1495-1498 |
1497 | HOLBEIN | Holbein, Hans, d.1543. |
1497 | NEUDÖRFER | Neudörfer, Johann, d. 1563, writing master of Nuremberg, his 'Fundament' was the first writing book to be published (collection of Fraktur scripts). |
1498 | PETRUCCI | Music Printing using movable type invented by Ottaviano Petrucci of Venice |
1498 | DÜRER | Durer's Apocalypse series woodcuts |
1498 | MUSIC PRINTING | Music Printing using movable type invented by Ottaviano Petrucci of Venice |
1499 | PRINTING PRESS | Printing Press, oldest known reproduction of, in Dance of Death printed in Lyon by M.Huss |
1499 | MANUTIUS | Hypnerotomachia Poliphili printed by Manutius |
1500 | GARAMONT | Garamont, Claude, d.1561. Parisian type designer and punchcutter |
1501 | GRIFFO | Manutius. First time use of Francescop Griffo's *Italic* type by Manutius |
1501 | MANUTIUS | Manutius. Virgil edition; first book by Aldus Manutius in octavo format |
1501 | MANUTIUS | Manutius. First time use of Francescop Griffo's *Italic* type by Manutius |
1502 | EGENOLFF | Egenolff, Christian, d.1555, established press and foundry in Frankfurt 1530 |
1507 | CHIAROSCURO | Chiaroscuro, first by Georg Lucas Cranach. |
1507 | CRANACH | Chiaroscuro, first by Georg Lucas Cranach. |
1507 | OPORINUS | Oporinus, Johannes, d.1568, scholar-printer of Basle, issued more than 800 publications, including Koran and writings by Luther. Most important: Andreas Vesalius 'De Humani Corporis Fabrica' (anatomical study) |
1508 | BURGKMAIR | Earliest dated German colour woodcut: The Emperor Maximilian on Horseback by Hans Burgkmair (1473-1531) |
1508 | EARLIEST GERMAN COLOUR WOODCUT | The Emperor Maximilian on Horseback by Hans Burgkmair (1473-1531) |
1508 | WOODCUT, COLOURED | Jost de Negker, active in Antwerp 1508-1544, master of Burgkmair, Cranach and Hans Baldung Grien. Believed to be the inventor of the colored woodcut. |
1508 | NEGKER, JOST DE | Active in Antwerp 1508-1544, master of Burgkmair, Cranach and Hans Baldung Grien. Believed to be the inventor of the colored woodcut. |
1509 | NARRENSCHIFF | Narrenschiff, English adaptation Ship of Fools by Alexander Barclay, based on the latin translation by Jacob Locher. |
1510 | GROLIER | Grolier was in Italy as a French legate from 1510-1537 |
1512 | MERCATOR | Mercator, Gerard, d.1592 (Gerhard Kremer) Cartographer, mathematician. 1537 established a business as globe and map maker. |
1513 | FRAKTUR | Fraktur, first book printed in this type, Prayer book of Maximilian teh First |
1514 | ASCENIUS | Denmark Chronicle printed by Ascenius in Paris |
1514 | DENMARK CHRONICLE | Denmark Chronicle printed by Ascenius in Paris |